本文共 13806 字，大约阅读时间需要 46 分钟。
本章重点提示：
1)：理解基础命令，df,fdisk.
2)：磁盘分区的理论基础。
1:查看当前系统分区与挂载情况：
[root@localhost ~]# df Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on/dev/sda2 18208184 2984040 14292560 18% /tmpfs 502176 80 502096 1% /dev/shm/dev/sda1 289293 28473 245460 11% /boot
2：查看系统所有能识别的分区情况(包括系统已识别，未挂载的分区)：
1 [root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l 2 3 Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 4 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders 5 Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes 6 Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes 7 I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes 8 Disk identifier: 0x00077367 9 10 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System11 /dev/sda1 * 1 39 307200 83 Linux12 Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.13 /dev/sda2 39 2358 18631680 83 Linux14 /dev/sda3 2358 2611 2031616 82 Linux swap / Solaris15 16 Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes17 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders18 Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes19 Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes20 I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes21 Disk identifier: 0x0000000022 23 24 Disk /dev/sdc: 7776 MB, 7776239616 bytes25 240 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1020 cylinders26 Units = cylinders of 14880 * 512 = 7618560 bytes27 Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes28 I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes29 Disk identifier: 0xcb2e3fe730 31 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
其中Disk /dev/sdc: 7776 MB,是外接的8G U盘
3：进入分区(8G U盘)：
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdcWARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u').Command (m for help):
4：m,查看帮助命令:
Command (m for help): mCommand action a toggle a bootable flag b edit bsd disklabel c toggle the dos compatibility flag d delete a partition #删除一个分区 l list known partition types #显示已知分区 m print this menu n add a new partition #新增一个分区 o create a new empty DOS partition table p print the partition table #显示分区表 q quit without saving changes #退出帮助并不保存操作 s create a new empty Sun disklabel t change a partition's system id u change display/entry units v verify the partition table w write table to disk and exit #写入分区信息使之生效 x extra functionality (experts only)
5：n,新增分区：
Command (m for help): nCommand action e extended p primary partition (1-4)pPartition number (1-4): 1First cylinder (1-1020, default 1): Using default value 1Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-1020, default 1020): +500Command (m for help): mCommand action a toggle a bootable flag b edit bsd disklabel c toggle the dos compatibility flag d delete a partition l list known partition types m print this menu n add a new partition o create a new empty DOS partition table p print the partition table q quit without saving changes s create a new empty Sun disklabel t change a partition's system id u change display/entry units v verify the partition table w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality (experts only)Command (m for help): wThe partition table has been altered!Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.Syncing disks. 6：显示分区信息，可以发现刚才新建的分区：
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -lDisk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00077367 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sda1 * 1 39 307200 83 LinuxPartition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary./dev/sda2 39 2358 18631680 83 Linux/dev/sda3 2358 2611 2031616 82 Linux swap / SolarisDisk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00000000Disk /dev/sdc: 7776 MB, 7776239616 bytes240 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1020 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 14880 * 512 = 7618560 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0xcb2e3fe7 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sdc1 1 501 3727409 83 Linux
7：重复刚才的操作,先新建一个扩展分区,再新建一个逻辑分区:
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -lDisk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00077367 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sda1 * 1 39 307200 83 LinuxPartition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary./dev/sda2 39 2358 18631680 83 Linux/dev/sda3 2358 2611 2031616 82 Linux swap / SolarisDisk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00000000Disk /dev/sdc: 7776 MB, 7776239616 bytes240 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1020 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 14880 * 512 = 7618560 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0xcb2e3fe7 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sdc1 1 501 3727409 83 Linux[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdcWARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u').Command (m for help): mCommand action a toggle a bootable flag b edit bsd disklabel c toggle the dos compatibility flag d delete a partition l list known partition types m print this menu n add a new partition o create a new empty DOS partition table p print the partition table q quit without saving changes s create a new empty Sun disklabel t change a partition's system id u change display/entry units v verify the partition table w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality (experts only)Command (m for help): nCommand action e extended p primary partition (1-4)ePartition number (1-4): 2First cylinder (502-1020, default 502): Using default value 502Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (502-1020, default 1020): Using default value 1020Command (m for help): mCommand action a toggle a bootable flag b edit bsd disklabel c toggle the dos compatibility flag d delete a partition l list known partition types m print this menu n add a new partition o create a new empty DOS partition table p print the partition table q quit without saving changes s create a new empty Sun disklabel t change a partition's system id u change display/entry units v verify the partition table w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality (experts only)Command (m for help): wThe partition table has been altered!Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.Syncing disks.[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -lDisk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00077367 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sda1 * 1 39 307200 83 LinuxPartition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary./dev/sda2 39 2358 18631680 83 Linux/dev/sda3 2358 2611 2031616 82 Linux swap / SolarisDisk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00000000Disk /dev/sdc: 7776 MB, 7776239616 bytes240 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1020 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 14880 * 512 = 7618560 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0xcb2e3fe7 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sdc1 1 501 3727409 83 Linux/dev/sdc2 502 1020 3861360 5 Extended[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdcWARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u').Command (m for help): mCommand action a toggle a bootable flag b edit bsd disklabel c toggle the dos compatibility flag d delete a partition l list known partition types m print this menu n add a new partition o create a new empty DOS partition table p print the partition table q quit without saving changes s create a new empty Sun disklabel t change a partition's system id u change display/entry units v verify the partition table w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality (experts only)Command (m for help): nCommand action l logical (5 or over) p primary partition (1-4)lFirst cylinder (502-1020, default 502): Using default value 502Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (502-1020, default 1020): Using default value 1020Command (m for help): wThe partition table has been altered!Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.Syncing disks.[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -lDisk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00077367 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sda1 * 1 39 307200 83 LinuxPartition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary./dev/sda2 39 2358 18631680 83 Linux/dev/sda3 2358 2611 2031616 82 Linux swap / SolarisDisk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00000000Disk /dev/sdc: 7776 MB, 7776239616 bytes240 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1020 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 14880 * 512 = 7618560 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0xcb2e3fe7 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sdc1 1 501 3727409 83 Linux/dev/sdc2 502 1020 3861360 5 Extended/dev/sdc5 502 1020 3861329 83 Linux 8:查看当前系统格式：
[root@localhost ~]# df -THFilesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/sda2 ext4 19G 3.1G 15G 18% /tmpfs tmpfs 515M 82k 515M 1% /dev/shm/dev/sda1 ext4 297M 30M 252M 11% /boot
9:格式化分区：
[root@localhost ~]# ]mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdc1-bash: ]mkfs: command not found[root@localhost ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdc1mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)Filesystem label=OS type: LinuxBlock size=4096 (log=2)Fragment size=4096 (log=2)Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks233392 inodes, 931852 blocks46592 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super userFirst data block=0Maximum filesystem blocks=95630131229 block groups32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group8048 inodes per groupSuperblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (16384 blocks): doneWriting superblocks and filesystem accounting information: doneThis filesystem will be automatically checked every 38 mounts or180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.[root@localhost ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdc5mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)Filesystem label=OS type: LinuxBlock size=4096 (log=2)Fragment size=4096 (log=2)Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks241440 inodes, 965332 blocks48266 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super userFirst data block=0Maximum filesystem blocks=98985574430 block groups32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group8048 inodes per groupSuperblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (16384 blocks): doneWriting superblocks and filesystem accounting information: doneThis filesystem will be automatically checked every 38 mounts or180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
10:挂载分区：
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdc1 /mnt/; mount /dev/sdc5 /mnt/
11:查看当前系统挂载分区信息:
[root@localhost ~]# df -THFilesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/sda2 ext4 19G 3.1G 15G 18% /tmpfs tmpfs 515M 82k 515M 1% /dev/shm/dev/sda1 ext4 297M 30M 252M 11% /boot/dev/sdc1 ext4 3.9G 7.8M 3.7G 1% /mnt/dev/sdc5 ext4 3.9G 7.8M 3.7G 1% /mnt
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